e-ISSN 2682 – 7697

Proceedings of ICSAI Conferences is an open-access compilation of research and academic papers that have been presented at ICSAI.org conferences worldwide.

Proceedings of ICSAI Conferences is published on a monthly basis by:

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Fazidah Md Ali
Salahuddin Ismail
Mohd Iskandar Abdul Wahab

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The opinions, advices and information contained in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the publisher, organizer or co-sponsors of the conference.

Whilst all due care was taken in the compilation of these proceedings, the organizers does not warrant that the information is free from errors or omission, or accept any liability in relation to the quality, accuracy and currency of the information. Articles are also not final and subject to modifications by respective authors. Please contact the individual authors for referencing purposes.

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ICSAI Secretariat
Lot 6.1, PNB Darby Park
No. 10, Jalan Binjai off Persiaran KLCC
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MALAYSIA

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